Beverly J. Hirtle is a member of the executive committee at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. She is executive vice president, head of the Research and Statistics Group and director of research. She is also on the Bank’s Executive Committee. She has served on the Operating Committee of the Large Institution Supervision Coordinating Committee (LISCC), which coordinates the Federal Reserve’s supervision of large, complex financial institutions. Hirtle holds a B.A. in Economics and American Studies from Amherst College and a Ph.D. in Economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Subject: Michael Held
Subject of Interest
Michael Held is a member of the executive committee at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. He is general counsel and executive vice president of the Legal Group at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. In addition, he serves as deputy general counsel of the Federal Open Market Committee. Mr. Held joined the New York Fed in 1998 as a staff attorney. Prior to joining the New York Fed, Held was an associate at McDermott, Will & Emery, LLP in the litigation department and prior to that, he was an associate at Kaye Scholer LLP. Held holds a bachelor’s degree from Cornell University in Human Service Studies and a juris doctor degree from New York University School of Law.
Subject: Jack Gutt
Subject of Interest
Jack Gutt is a member of the executive committee at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. He is executive vice president and head of the Communications and Outreach Group at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Gutt also serves on the Bank’s Executive Committee. Prior to joining the New York Fed, Gutt served as managing director at several leading public relations and public affairs firms and was one of the founding partners of Vistance Group LLC. Gutt joined the Bank in September 2009 as an officer in media relations and public affairs. Mr. Gutt holds degrees in newspaper journalism and political science, both from Syracuse University.
Subject: Michael Strine
Subject of Interest
Michael Strine is first vice president at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, the second ranking officer in the Bank and its chief operating officer, as well as an alternate voting member of the Federal Open Market Committee. He leads or serves on key Federal Reserve System committees to govern technology, human resources, enterprise risk management, resources, policies and payments infrastructure. Prior to that, Strine was executive vice president and head of the Corporate Group. Before joining the Bank in 2013, he served as executive vice president and chief operating officer at the University of Virginia. Prior to his tenure at University of Virginia, Strine served as vice president, chief financial officer and treasurer for Johns Hopkins University. Strine earned his doctorate and master’s degree from Johns Hopkins University in political science, and completed graduate studies at the University of Delaware in public administration and budgeting.
Subject: Alan Greenspan
Subject of Interest
Alan Greenspan served five terms as chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. His last term ended on January 31, 2006. He was appointed chairman by four different presidents. From 1954 to 1974 and from 1977 to 1987, Greenspan was chairman and president of Townsend-Greenspan & Co., Inc. From 1974 to 1977, he served as chairman of the President’s Council of Economic Advisers under President Gerald Ford, and from 1981 to 1983, as chairman of the National Commission on Social Security Reform. In addition, he served as a member of President Ronald Reagan’s Economic Policy Advisory Board and was a consultant to the Congressional Budget Office. After leaving the Board of Governors, Greenspan began his own Washington DC-based consulting firm, Greenspan Associates, LLC. Over the years, Greenspan also held many roles in the public and private sectors. In addition, he served as a corporate director for a number of firms, including Aluminum Company of America (Alcoa); Automatic Data Processing, Inc.; Capital Cities/ABC, Inc.; General Foods, Inc.; J.P. Morgan & Co., Inc.; Morgan Guaranty Trust Company of New York; Mobil Corporation; and The Pittston Company. He received his bachelor’s (summa cum laude), master’s, and doctoral degrees in economics, all from New York University.
Subject: Janet L. Yellen
Subject of Interest
Janet L. Yellen took office as chair of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System in February 2014, for a four-year term ending February 3, 2018. Yellen is professor emeritus at the University of California at Berkeley. She served as a member of the Board of Governors until February 1997 and then left the Board to become chair of the Council of Economic Advisers through August 1999. She also chaired the Economic Policy Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development from 1997 to 1999. Yellen served as president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco (2004–10) as well as vice chair of the Board of Governors (2010-14) before her appointment as chair. Yellen is a member of both the Council on Foreign Relations and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She has served as president of the Western Economic Association, vice president of the American Economic Association, and a fellow of the Yale Corporation. She graduated from Brown University with a degree in economics in 1967. She received her doctorate in economics from Yale University in 1971.
Subject: Sarah Bloom Raskin
Subject of Interest
Sarah Bloom Raskin took office as a member of the Board of Governors on October 4, 2010, to fill an unexpired term ending January 31, 2016. She resigned on March 13, 2014. Early in her career, she worked at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and the Joint Economic Committee of the Congress. She was later managing director at the Promontory Financial Group. She also served as the banking counsel for the US Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Before her appointment to the Board of Governors, Raskin was the commissioner of financial regulation for the State of Maryland. Raskin received a bachelor’s degree in economics (magna cum laude) from Amherst College and earned a law degree from Harvard Law School.
Subject: Daniel K. Tarullo
Subject of Interest
Daniel K. Tarullo took office as a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on January 28, 2009, to fill an unexpired term ending January 31, 2022. He resigned on April 5, 2017. Before his appointment, Tarullo was professor of law at Georgetown University Law Center. Before joining the Georgetown law faculty, Tarullo held several senior positions in the Clinton administration. From 1993 to 1998, Tarullo served as assistant secretary of state for economic and business affairs, deputy assistant to the president for economic policy, and assistant to the president for international economic policy. He also served as a principal on both the National Economic Council and the National Security Council. From 1995 to 1998, Tarullo was President Bill Clinton’s personal representative to the G7/G8 group of industrialized nations. Tarullo graduated from Georgetown University (BA) and from Duke University (MA). Tarullo received his law degree (summa cum laude) from the University of Michigan Law School.
Subject: Elizabeth A. Duke
Subject of Interest
Elizabeth A. Duke joined the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on August 5, 2008, to fill an unexpired term ending January 31, 2012. She continued to serve on the Board of Governors until August 31, 2013. Duke was on the board of directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond from 1998 to 2000. She was also the president of the Virginia Bankers Association from 1999 to 2000 and chair of the American Bankers Association from 2004 to 2005. Before her appointment to the Board of Governors, Duke was senior executive vice president and chief operating officer of TowneBank. Before that, she was an executive vice president at Wachovia Bank and an executive vice president at SouthTrust Bank. Earlier in her career, Duke was president and chief executive officer of Bank of Tidewater, based in Virginia Beach. She graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (BA) and from Old Dominion University (MA).
Subject: Frederic S. Mishkin
Subject of Interest
Frederic S. Mishkin was appointed to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on September 5, 2006, to fill an unexpired term ending January 31, 2014. He resigned on August 31, 2008. From 1999 to 2006, Mishkin was the Alfred Lerner Professor of Banking and Financial Institutions at the Graduate School of Business, Columbia University. Before that, he was the A. Barton Hepburn Professor of Economics from 1991 to 1999 and professor at the Graduate School of Business from 1983 to 1991. He was also a research associate at the National Bureau of Economic Research (1980–2006) and a senior fellow at the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s Center for Banking Research (2003–06). From 1994 to 1997, he was executive vice president and director of research at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and an associate economist for the Federal Open Market Committee. Mishkin has been a consultant to the World Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, and the International Monetary Fund, as well as to numerous central banks throughout the world. He graduated with a doctorate from Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1999, he received an honorary professorship from the People’s (Renmin) University of China.
Subject: Randall S. Kroszner
Subject of Interest
Randall S. Kroszner joined the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on March 1, 2006. He left the Board on January 21, 2009. Kroszner accepted a position as an assistant professor at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business. From 2001 to 2003, Kroszner served on the President’s Council of Economic Advisers (CEA). Before joining the Board of Governors, Kroszner served the Federal Reserve System as a visiting scholar at the Board of Governors and a research consultant and a member of the Academic Advisory Panel at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. He was also a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserve Banks of New York, St. Louis, Kansas City, and Minneapolis. He graduated from Brown University and went on to graduate with a doctorate in economics from Harvard University in 1990.
Subject: Kevin M. Warsh
Subject of Interest
Kevin M. Warsh was sworn in as a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on February 24, 2006. He left the Board on March 31, 2011. In 1995, Warsh accepted a position with the mergers and acquisitions department at Morgan Stanley & Co. in New York. In 2002, Warsh left his vice president and executive director post at Morgan Stanley & Co. to join the administration for President George W. Bush. He served as special assistant to the president for economic policy and as executive secretary at the National Economic Council. In addition, he advises several companies including serving on the board of directors of United Parcel Service. He graduated from Stanford University(BA), and went on to Harvard Law School and received a law degree in 1995. He also completed coursework in market economics and debt capital markets at Harvard Business School and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Sloan School of Management.
Subject: Donald L. Kohn
Subject of Interest
Donald L. Kohn became a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on August 5, 2002. He served as vice chairman from June 23, 2006, to June 23, 2010. He retired from the Board of Governors on September 1, 2010. In 1964, he received a bachelor’s degree from the College of Wooster. He earned a doctorate in economics from the University of Michigan in 1971. He began his career as a financial economist at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in 1970. In 1975, he came to the Board of Governors, where he was an economist until 1978. After leaving the Board of Governors, Kohn was appointed to the Bank of England’s Interim Financial Policy Committee in September 2011.
Subject: Robert Edward Rubin
Subject of Interest
Robert Edward Rubin is an American retired banking executive, lawyer, and former cabinet member. He served as the 70th United States Secretary of the Treasury during the Clinton administration. Before his government service, he spent 26 years at Goldman Sachs. During the Clinton administration, Rubin oversaw the loosening of financial industry underwriting guidelines. His most post-government role was as director and senior counselor of Citigroup, where he performed advisory and representational roles for the firm and resigned from the company on January 9, 2009. He received more than $126 million in cash and stock during his tenure at Citigroup, up through and including Citigroup’s bailout by the U.S. Treasury. Additionally, Rubin serves as counselor at Centerview Partners, an investment banking advisory firm based in New York City.
Subject: William Dudley
Subject of Interest
William C. Dudley became the 10th president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on January 27, 2009. In that capacity, he served as the vice chairman and a permanent member of the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). Previously, Dudley served as executive vice president of the Markets Group at the New York Fed, where he also managed the System Open Market Account for the FOMC. Prior to joining the Bank in 2007, he was a partner and managing director at Goldman, Sachs & Company and was the firm’s chief U.S. economist for a decade. Prior to joining Goldman Sachs in 1986, he was a vice president at the former Morgan Guaranty Trust Company. Dudley received his doctorate in economics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1982 and a bachelor’s degree from New College of Florida in 1974.
